The most common extender/filler pigments are barium sulfate, china clay, talc and various other silica based pigments.Īdditives are the special components of paint, they are used in small quantities to improve production and storage properties of the liquid paint product as well as application and other performance properties of the paint film. They are also used in sealers and the like where the use of more expensive colored pigment is not necessary. Often synthetic organic pigments are used to produce very bright clean colors such as blues, greens, reds, oranges and violets.Įxtender/fillers pigments are used in primers and primer surfacers to enhance film properties and o determine the filling and sanding properties of the paint film. Zinc is used in many anti corrosion primers. Other inorganic colored pigments are used such as red and yellow iron oxides, aluminum flakes and mica flakes. The most common pigment used in paint is titanium dioxide and the majority of white paints use this pigment. The pigments used in paint are normally present as fine solid particles that are dispersed, but not soluble, in the binder and solvent. This is the component that gives paint its other most important properties of color and opacity. The more specialized binders include polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, silicone based resins, acrylic resins and inorganic silicate based resins. Industrial paints vary, from simple alkyd based paints for general use, to paints for cars, ships, bridges, underwater marine, tank lining, structural steel. In architectural solvent based paints the binder is usually an alkyd resin, in architectural water based paints the binder is usually an acrylic emulsion but some vinyl emulsions are also used.Ī wider range of binders are used in industrial paints, these are usually very specialized and specific to the type of paint in which they are used. The binder determines many of the necessary film properties such as adhesion, gloss level, hardness, abrasion resistance, flexibility, speed of drying and durability. It is the basic solid film former that remains after the solvent has evaporated and which binds the pigment particles together into a cohesive paint film. The binder or resin is one of the most important components of paint. The most common solvents used in architectural paints are water or mineral spirits, water is used in acrylic interior and exterior paints and mineral spirits is used in so called " oil based paints" such as alkyd enamels.Ī wider range of solvents are used in industrial type paints, these are generally stronger solvents and include aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and esters. After application the solvent evaporates to leave a solid dry film on the substrate.
The binder, or resin component is either dissolved in liquid solvent or dispersed in non-solvent. The choice of solvent also influences the initial drying properties of the paint film. The choice of solvent also effects the flow of the paint after it has been applied so that the film develops the correct surface appearance and so that the paint film"wets" the substrate to which it has been applied thus maximizing adhesion to the surface. It must be present to allow the paint to be of correct consistency for application by brush, roller, spray or dipping. This is the liquid that carries the solid components of paint. Paint manufacturers continue to modify paint formulas, but there are four basic types of materials that make up any paint.
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